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This is a timeline of notable events in the history of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community in the United Kingdom. ==Prior to 1600== * 117 to 138 Roman Emperor Hadrian ruled Britain. Best known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman Britain, Hadrian was the first Roman Emperor to make it clear that he was homosexual. Hadrian uniquely made Antinous, a beautiful young Bithynian youth, his "official consort"; Antinous accompanied him throughout the Empire. Hadrian was so distraught by Antinous's death in the Nile in 130 CE that he named a city in Egypt, Antinopolis, after him and deified him.〔 * 797 During the Carolingian Renaissance, Alcuin of York, an abbot affectionately known as David, wrote love poems to other monks in spite of numerous church laws condemning homosexuality.〔David Bromell. Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History, London, 2000 (Ed. Wotherspoon and Aldrich)〕 * 1102 The Council of London (Roman Catholic church council of the church in England) took measures to ensure that the English public knew that homosexuality was sinful〔(Boswell, 1981) p.215 states "The Council of London of 1102 ... insisted that in future ''sodomy'' be confessed as a sin."〕 * 1327 The deposed King Edward II of England is killed. The popular story that the king was assassinated by having a red-hot poker thrust into his anus has no basis in accounts recorded by Edward's contemporaries. Edward II had a history of conflict with the nobility, who repeatedly banished his former lover Piers Gaveston, the Earl of Cornwall. The ''Annales Paulini'' claims that Edward loved Gaveston "beyond measure", while the ''Lanercost'' says the intimacy between them was "undue".〔Chaplais (1994), p. 7.〕 The ''Chronicle of Melsa'' states that Edward "particularly delighted in the vice of sodomy", without making special reference to Gaveston.〔Hamilton (1988), p. 16.〕 Chroniclers called the King's relationship with Gaveston as ''excessive'', ''immoderate'', ''beyond measure and reason'' and criticised his desire for ''wicked and forbidden sex''.〔Flores Historiarum〕 It was hinted at by medieval chroniclers, and has been alleged by modern historians, that the relationship between Gaveston and Edward was homosexual. * 1395 John Rykener, known also as Johannes Richer and Eleanor, a transvestite prostitute working mainly in London (near Cheapside), but also active in Oxford, was arrested for cross-dressing and interrogated. * 1533 King Henry VIII passes the Buggery Act 1533 making all male-male sexual activity punishable by death. Buggery related only to intercourse ''per anum'' by a man with a man or woman or intercourse ''per anum'' or ''per vaginum'' by either a man or a woman with an animal. Other forms of "unnatural intercourse" amounted to indecent assault or gross indecency, but did not constitute buggery.〔Smith & Hogan, ''Criminal Law'' (10th ed), ISBN 0-406-94801-1〕 The lesser offence of "attempted buggery" was punished by two years of jail and often horrific time on the pillory. * 1541 The Buggery Act 1533 only ran until the end of the parliament. The law was re-enacted three times, and then in 1541 it was enacted to continue in force "for ever".〔Bailey, 147-148, and H. Montgomery Hyde, The Love That Dared Not Speak Its Name: A Candid History of Homosexuality in Britain, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970) (title: The Other Love )〕 * 1543 Henry VIII gives royal assent to the Laws in Wales Act 1542, extending the buggery law into Wales. * 1547 King Edward VI's first Parliament repealed all felonies created in the last reign of King Henry VIII.〔 * 1548 The provisions of the Buggery Act 1533 were given new force, with minor amendments. The penalty for buggery remained death, but goods and lands were not forfeit, and the rights of wives and heirs were safeguarded.〔 * 1553 Mary Tudor ascends the English throne and repeals all of Edward VI of England's acts.〔 * 1558 Elizabeth I ascends the English throne and reinstates the sodomy laws of 1533 (not 1548), which were then given permanent force.〔 * 1580 King James VI of Scotland, King James I England, made his formal entry into Edinburgh and began a relationship with Franco-Scottish Lord Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox. Lennox was a relative and 24 years senior to James, married and the father of 5 children. The influence Lennox his "favourite" had on politics, and the resentment at the wealth they acquired, became major political issues during his reign. Scottish nobles ousted Lennox by luring the young king to Ruthven Castle as a guest but then imprisoned him for ten months. The Presbyterian nobles forced King James to banish Lennox to France. Lennox and James remained in secret contact. Lennox remained in France. He died in Paris in 1583. William Schaw took Lennox's heart back to James in Scotland, since in life it's true place had been with the King. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of LGBT history in Britain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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